Currently, approximately 3,000 students are enrolled at the Faculty of Medicine, while the medical program is by far the largest with about 2,500 students. Each year, around 340 students are admitted to the medical program and circa 40 each to the dental and molecular medicine programs. Admission to all three programs is highly competitive. An MD/PhD program is also available in cooperation with the Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine. Additionally, as of 2008 the International Master Program in Biomedical Sciences (IMBS) is being offered as a joint program between the University of Freiburg and the University of Buenos Aires. Further recent developments have led to the creation of the Master Online in Periodontics, the Master Online in Palliative Care, and the Master Online in Physical-Technical Medicine, aimed at professionals and consisting of online and on-campus segments.

The Faculty of Medicine employs 1334 physicians and researchers full-time and 116 professors.

According to a recent[when?] survey supported by the German Federal Ministry for Education and Research, the University of Freiburg Faculty of Medicine topped the list of the most attractive medical schools for students, receiving the most applications for an MD program in Germany. Only about 5% of the applicants were admitted, also making Freiburg one of the most selective schools.

Freiburg medical students regularly score very well on the two federal medical exams Erster Abschnitt der ärztlichen Prüfung and Zweiter Abschnitt der ärztlichen Prüfung.

According to the 2005 Humboldt Ranking, measuring the number of research stays by foreign fellows and award winners sponsored by the Humboldt Foundation, Freiburg placed second in the life sciences.